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2024 Pacific typhoon season

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2024 Pacific typhoon season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedMay 23, 2024
Last system dissipatedSeason ongoing
Strongest storm
NameYagi
 • Maximum winds195 km/h (120 mph)
(10-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure915 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions20
Total storms14
Typhoons5
Super typhoons1 (unofficial)[nb 1]
Total fatalities≥314 total
Total damage$9.69 billion (2024 USD)
Related articles
Pacific typhoon seasons
2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026

The 2024 Pacific typhoon season is an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation in the western Pacific Ocean. It is the fifth-latest starting Pacific typhoon season on record. The season runs throughout 2024, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Ewiniar, developed on May 25, and eventually intensified into the first typhoon of the season.

The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean to the north of the equator between 100°E and 180th meridian. Within the northwestern Pacific Ocean, there are two separate agencies that assign names to tropical cyclones which can often result in a cyclone having two names. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)[nb 2] will name a tropical cyclone if it has 10-minute sustained wind speeds of at least 65 km/h (40 mph) anywhere in the basin. The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N–25°N, regardless of whether or not a tropical cyclone has already been given a name by the JMA. Tropical depressions that are monitored by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)[nb 3][nb 1] are given a number with a "W" suffix.

Seasonal forecasts

[edit]
TSR forecasts
Date		 Tropical
storms		 Total
Typhoons		 Intense
TCs		 ACE Ref.
Average (1991–2020) 25.5 16.0 9.3 301 [3]
May 7, 2024 25 15 7 225 [3]
July 5, 2024 24 14 7 211 [4]
August 7, 2024 24 14 7 177 [5]
Other forecasts

Date

Forecast

Center

Period Systems Ref.
January 15, 2024 PAGASA January–March 0–2 tropical cyclones [6]
January 15, 2024 PAGASA April–June 2–4 tropical cyclones [6]
June 26, 2024 PAGASA July–September 6–10 tropical cyclones [7]
June 26, 2024 PAGASA October–December 4–7 tropical cyclones [7]
2024 season Forecast
Center		 Tropical
cyclones		 Tropical
storms		 Typhoons Ref.
Actual activity: JMA 20 13 5
Actual activity: JTWC 14 10 6
Actual activity: PAGASA 5 3 2

During the year, several national meteorological services and scientific agencies forecast how many tropical cyclones, tropical storms, and typhoons will form during a season and/or how many tropical cyclones will affect a particular country. These agencies included the Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) Consortium of University College London, PAGASA, Vietnam's National Center for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting and Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau.

Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) released their first forecast on May 7, predicting below average activity with 25 named storms, 15 typhoons and 7 intense typhoons. This was primarily due to the dominant El Niño event at the time, which was expected to transition into a weak or moderate La Niña by mid-2024.[3] TSR released their early July forecast on July 5, where they slightly decreased the amount of storms and typhoons, mentioning the same factors as their previous forecast.[4] On August 7, TSR released their final forecast for the season, retaining the same number of storms. However, they further decreased the predicted ACE index, due to a slow start of the season and decreased tropical activity as of early August.[5] Moreover, with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation being in a negative phase since the beginning of 2020, they also mentioned how this season could become the lowest five-year activity since 1965.[5]

Seasonal summary

[edit]
Hurricane HoneTyphoon YagiTyphoon Shanshan (2024)Tropical Storm Maria (2024)Typhoon Ampil (2024)Typhoon GaemiTropical Storm Prapiroon (2024)Typhoon Ewiniar (2024)

Early season activity

[edit]

The Pacific typhoon season began on May 23, when a tropical storm named Ewiniar formed southeast of Palau, marking it as the fifth-latest start of a Pacific typhoon season since reliable records began.[8] Ewiniar tracked toward the Philippines, where it made nine landfalls in Homonhon Island; Giporlos, Eastern Samar; Basiao Island; Cagduyong Island; Batuan, Masbate; Masbate City; Torrijos, Marinduque; Lucena, Quezon and Patnanungan. It began to move over the warm tropical waters of Lamon Bay, where the JTWC and the JMA upgraded Ewiniar into a minimal typhoon. Ewiniar began transitioning to an extratropical cyclone while it is 719 km (447 mi) east-northeast of Kadena Air Base in Okinawa, Japan. On June 6, the remnants of Ewiniar would be absorbed by another extratropical cyclone, just off the coast of Alaska. On May 30, another tropical depression formed southeast of Haikou, China. The next day, at 03:00 UTC, JTWC designated the disturbance as Tropical Depression 02W. A few hours later, JMA assigned the name Maliksi as they upgraded 02W into a tropical storm. Shortly after being named, on May 31, Maliksi made landfall in Southern China. the JMA and JTWC discontinued warnings as Maliksi moved inland and dissipated on June 2. No storms formed in June for the first time since 2010.

Satellite loop of Typhoon Gaemi skirting the coast before making landfall in the northeastern coast of Taiwan on July 24

After many weeks of inactivity, on July 13, a tropical depression formed east of Vietnam. Shortly after, it tracked into Vietnam, dissipating soon after. On July 19, two tropical disturbances recognized by the JTWC: one southeast of Manila and another east of Palau. Soon after, both disturbances developed into a depression, being named by PAGASA. The first one, west of Batangas, was named Butchoy while the second, east of Virac, was called Carina. Later that day, the JTWC followed suit, designating them both as depressions. The next day, the easternmost disturbance was named Gaemi by the JMA. On July 21, Butchoy also intensified into a tropical storm, assigning the name Prapiroon from the JMA. Prapiroon moved through the South China Sea as a mild tropical storm before landfall over Wanning, Hainan. Prapiroon moved through Gulf of Tonkin, where it further intensified into a severe tropical storm. Early on July 23, Prapiroon made its second and final landfall in Quảng Ninh, Vietnam. Rapid weakening ensued as Prapiroon moved inland and dissipated on the next day.

Being in a favorable environment in the Philippine Sea, Gaemi continues to strengthen into a severe tropical storm as it moves northeastward slowly. Early the next day, JMA upgraded Gaemi into a typhoon, the second to occur this season. JTWC also followed suit and upgraded Gaemi into a Category-1 typhoon. Owing to its warm sea surface temperature and low vertical wind shear, on July 24, Gaemi rapidly intensified into a Category-4 typhoon, with 10-minute sustained winds of 165 km/h (105 mph), equivalent to a very strong typhoon category by the JMA. Gaemi stalled and executed a counterclockwise loop near the coast, slightly weakening into a Category-3 typhoon. Overnight, Gaemi made landfall over Hualien, Taiwan at that intensity. The country's mountain ranges tore apart the storm's structure, causing Gaemi to weaken further into a Category-2 typhoon. The storm accelerated across the island and emerged into the Taiwan Strait, six hours after landfall. The next day, Gaemi made its final landfall at Xiuyu, Putian at Fujian Province as a weakening tropical storm. Moving inland, the storm rapidly weakened until it dissipated on July 27.

Even though Gaemi never made landfall in the Philippines, the storm's moisture would enhance the southwest monsoon. Heavy rainfalls were felt over Luzon and some parts of Visayas, leaving each region flooded. Overall, Gaemi caused 126 fatalities and $266 million worth of damages throughout its track.

Peak season activity

[edit]
Four systems active on August 13: Tropical Depression Maria (top left); Tropical Storm Ampil (bottom left); Tropical Depression Son-Tinh (center right); and Tropical Depression 09W (bottom right; precursor to Wukong).

On August 3, a low-pressure area developed east of Kadena Air Base. At 00:00 UTC, JMA recognize the disturbance as a depression. However, it downgraded to a remnant low on August 7. The convection later meandered south of Ryukyu Islands for a few days before JMA was reclassified again as a depression on August 11. JMA issued a gale warning the next day, citing that it would intensify in the following days. JTWC later followed suit and upgraded into a tropical depression. On August 13, the depression became a tropical storm, receiving the name Ampil from the JMA. Ampil gradually intensified in the Pacific Ocean, becoming a severe tropical storm. JMA upgraded Ampil into a typhoon two days later, and the JTWC classified it as a Category 2-equivalent typhoon. The next day, it strengthened into a Category 4-equivalent typhoon. The typhoon passed just south of Greater Tokyo Area before weakening and transitioning to an extratropical cyclone.

On August 5, a low-pressure area was formed in Bonin Islands. The disturbance was in an environment with low to moderate wind shear and warm SSTs. JTWC later classified the disturbance into a depression the next day, giving the designation 06W. Early on August 8, JMA upgraded the depression into a storm, naming it Maria. The storm further strengthened into a severe tropical storm on the same day. At the same time, JTWC reported that Maria had rapidly intensified into a typhoon due to strong equatorward and poleward outflow. However, on August 9, Maria weakened into a tropical storm as it moved northeastwards. On August 10, another area of low pressure formed just southeast of Maria. The JTWC would classify the disturbance as a subtropical depression in their next bulletin. Despite being in a marginal environment and high wind shear, JMA upgraded into a tropical storm, assigning the name Son-Tinh. The next day, JTWC announced that Son-Tinh became tropical, designating it as 07W. Son-Tinh weakened back into a depression before it dissipated on August 14.

On the morning of August 12, Maria made landfall in Iwate Prefecture as a tropical storm, bringing strong winds and dumping heavy rains in northern Japan. Maria then weakened into a depression after moving inland. The storm entered through the Sea of Japan, weakening further the next day. The JTWC issued its final warning after Maria was last noted west-northwest of Misawa, Japan. JMA continued to track as a depression before they issued their final warning at 04:15 UTC.

Activity became more active when an area of convection was formed on August 12 near the southwest of a nearby storm Son-Tinh. JMA would immediately recognize the disturbance as a depression. The next day, JTWC went to give its identifier of the depression, which was Tropical Depression 09W. Just like Ampil, on August 13, 09W intensified into a tropical storm, attaining the name Wukong from the JMA. Wukong was short-lived due to its poorly organized cloud tops. JTWC made its final warning on Wukong as it moved through cooler waters and dissipated on August 15.

On August 17, JMA recognized a tropical depression that formed east of Taiwan. The next day, PAGASA declared the system a tropical depression, assigning the name Dindo. The depression was named Jongdari three hours later upon formation. JTWC later followed suit and upgraded into a tropical storm. However, it did not last long and weakened into a depression as it nears the Korean Peninsula. On August 21, JMA and JTWC reported that Jongdari had dissipated as its low-level circulation center faded when it moved over land, after Jongdari, a low-pressure area formed in the Northern Mariana Islands on the same day. The system intensified into a tropical storm the next day, and the name Shanshan was picked up by the JMA.

Shanshan later strengthened into a Category 1-equivalent typhoon. It remained at that intensity as it battled through wind shear. As it nears the Amami Islands, it strengthened into a Category 4-equivalent typhoon. The approach of the typhoon caused the issuance of a special warning system in Kagoshima Prefecture, the first time issued in the area since Nanmadol of 2022. Around 08:00 JST on August 29, Shanshan made landfall near Satsumasendai, making the third tropical cyclone impact mainland Japan this season. Rapid erosion later ensued as it moved eastward over inland. Shanshan heads over Seto Inland Sea before it makes another landfall in Shikoku on the next day. Shanshan's convection began to be disorganized, causing it to weaken into a remnant low. However, it regained back into a depression as it moved east southeastward through open waters. JMA continued to track Shanshan until it dissipated on September 1.

Typhoon Yagi making landfall over Wenchang City in Hainan on September 6

Nearing the end of August, a tropical disturbance formed near Palau. On the same day, JMA started to issue advisories for the system as a depression. As it entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), the agency gave it the name Enteng on the first day of September. JTWC followed suit and was classified as a depression, with its designation of 12W. At 21:00 JST (13:00 UTC), JMA developed into a tropical storm, naming the system Yagi. The storm made its first landfall in Casiguran in the province of Aurora. The mountainous terrain of the Cordillera Central had made Yagi weakened as it moved inland. It left PAR on early September 4 as it continues to intensify in the South China Sea.

Yagi later strengthened into a typhoon due to its highly favorable environment. The next day, Yagi rapidly intensified, developing a sharp-outlined eye, and briefly intensified into a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon as it approached Hainan. Yagi slightly weakened a bit and made its second landfall over Wenchang City in Hainan. It then passed over Haikou, China before it made another landfall over Xuwen County in Guangdong. Yagi then entered through open waters of the Gulf of Tonkin.

The typhoon became one of four Category-5 typhoons recorded in the South China Sea, after Pamela of 1954, Rammasun of 2014, and Rai of 2021. Yagi also became the strongest typhoon to hit Hainan in autumn since Rammasun of 2014. On September 7, Yagi steadily reorganized and regained back to a Category 4 typhoon before it made a final historical landfall between Haiphong and Quang Ninh, Vietnam. Yagi became the strongest storm to hit Northern Vietnam on record when it landed. The storm then weakened into a remnant low as it moved inland.

While Yagi was on its way to making landfall in the Philippines, JTWC announced another formation of a tropical disturbance in the open Pacific Ocean on September 2. JMA also started issuing advisories, and it was recognized as a tropical depression in the same location. Two days later, as JTWC upgraded it into a depression, it received its designation as 13W. A day later, JMA reported that 13W developed into a tropical storm, giving the name Leepi as the twelfth named storm of this season. Leepi then accelerated northeastwards before it became an extratropical cyclone on September 6.

Systems

[edit]

Typhoon Ewiniar (Aghon)

[edit]
Typhoon (JMA)
Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 23 – May 30
Peak intensity140 km/h (85 mph) (10-min);
970 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Ewiniar (2024)

On May 21, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began tracking an area of atmospheric convection 441 km (274 mi) southeast of Palau, noting that the system was moving northwestward towards an environment favorable for tropical cyclogenesis.[9] In the following day, the disturbance became a tropical depression.[10] The depression would later enter PAR, assigning the name Aghon, a replacement name for Ambo.[11] At 18:00 UTC, the JTWC designated the depression as 01W, based on surface observations from Guiuan.[12] Aghon made landfall over Homonhon Island and subsequently Giporlos, Eastern Samar in the early morning of May 25 (PHT).[13] It made five more landfalls over Basiao and Cagduyong Islands of Catbalogan; Batuan in Ticao Island; Masbate City; and Torrijos, Marinduque.[14] At 12:00 UTC, 01W intensified into a tropical storm while it was still in Tayabas Bay, prompted the JMA to name the storm as Ewiniar.[15] In the morning of May 26 (PHT), the storm made its eighth landfall over Lucena, Quezon in Luzon island.[14] Ewiniar later intensified into a typhoon over Lamon Bay[16] The storm made its final landfall over Patnanungan in the Polillo Islands.[17] The typhoon left the PAR on May 29 and continued to weaken due to subsidence around the mid-latitude.[18][19] On May 30, Ewiniar transitioned into an extratropical cyclone south-southwest of Yokosuka, Japan[20] Then at 18:00 UTC on May 31, Ewiniar entered the baroclinic zone and an area of high wind shear.[21]

Typhoon Ewiniar resulted in ₱1.03 billion (US$20.88 million) in total damages in the Philippines, with ₱85.63 million (US$1.74 million) to agriculture and ₱942.55 million (US$19.14 million) to infrastructure, while also causing six deaths, injuring eight people, and impacting around 152,266 others. In Japan, heavy rainfall was observed in several regions, with a maximum of 52.5 mm (2.07 in) of rain being recorded in Miyake, Tokyo.[22][23]

Tropical Storm Maliksi

[edit]
Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 30 – June 1
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min);
998 hPa (mbar)

On May 29, the JTWC began tracking an area of convection located 406 km (252 mi) southeast of Haikou, China. Being in an area of warm waters and low vertical shear and having southerly outflow, the system sustained a weak circulation, inhibited from development by another area of convection near Mainland China.[24] It was recognized as a low-pressure area by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) early the next day,[25] before the agency upgraded it to a tropical depression at 06:00 UTC.[26] Later that day, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on the depression since it had rapidly developed.[27] At 00:00 UTC the next day, the JTWC upgraded the system into a tropical depression, designating it as 02W.[28] Later, the JMA upgraded it into a tropical storm, and it was given the name Maliksi.[29] However, the JTWC reported that it did not intensify into a tropical storm as it was disorganized, with the circulation elongating.[30][31] At 21:00 UTC on May 31, the JTWC discontinued warnings on the system as it made landfall in Southern China.[32] Soon after, the JMA last noted Maliksi as a depression on June 1 before weakening further into a low-pressure area the next day, as it tracked inland.[33][34][35]

On May 30, the Hong Kong Observatory issued a No. 1 standby signal as the depression neared Hong Kong.[36] The next day, it upgraded the warnings into a No. 3 Strong Wind signal.[37] Although it was likely to not directly affect Taiwan, the Central Weather Administration noted that Maliksi's remnants were likely to merge with a frontal system and bring heavy rains to Taiwan over the weekend.[38] In Macau, the storm caused unstable weather, with the Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau issuing Typhoon Signal No. 3.[39][40] In China, torrential rainfall occurred, peaking at 272.3 mm (10.72 in) somewhere in the Leizhou Peninsula. Additionally, heavy rain was recorded in Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi.[41]

Tropical Depression 03W

[edit]
Tropical depression (JMA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 13 – July 15
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
1000 hPa (mbar)

On July 13, the JTWC began tracking an area of convection 423 mi (682 km) east-southeast of Da Nang, Vietnam. At the time, the disturbance was in a marginal environment for development, with high vertical wind shear offsetting good divergence aloft alongside warm sea surface temperatures.[42] At 06:00 UTC of that day, the JMA designated the system as a tropical depression.[43] The JTWC then issued a TCFA on the system the next day, noting its symmetrical center had improved as it moves northwest, though convection was disorganized.[44] By 18:00 UTC the next day, the JTWC upgraded the system into a tropical depression, designating it 03W.[45] However, they issued their last warning on the depression early the next day as it moved over Vietnam and rapidly weakened.[46] Later that day, the JMA stopped tracking the depression as it dissipated.[47]

Severe Tropical Storm Prapiroon (Butchoy)

[edit]
Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 19 – July 24
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min);
980 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Tropical Storm Prapiroon (2024)

On July 15, the JTWC started to monitor a persistent area of convection roughly 623 km (385 mi) southeast of Manila, Philippines. At that time, the disturbance was in a favorable environment for development, with warm 29–30 °C (84–86 °F), sea surface temperatures, low wind shear and good equatorial outflow.[48] At 06:00 UTC the same day, the JMA designated the system as a low-pressure area.[49] Shortly after, the JMA designated it as a tropical depression.[50] The PAGASA declared the system a tropical depression a few hours later. Since the storm formed within the Philippine Area of Responsibility, the agency named it Butchoy.[51] The JTWC began issuing advisories on the system, classifying it as 04W.[52] It intensified into a tropical storm and was named Prapiroon by the JMA on July 21.[53][54] A nascent eye feature became visible on microwave satellite imagery.[55][56] The center of Prapiroon made landfall near Wanning, Hainan, with 1-minute sustained winds of 95 km/h (60 mph) on July 22.[56] After making landfall, the storm maintained its well-defined eye while moving across central Hainan.[57] Prapiroon soon encountered high wind shear and a dry environment,[58] and by 6:30 a.m. local time on July 23, it made its second landfall in Quảng Ninh, Vietnam.[59][60] After the system moved inland, both the JMA and the JTWC ceased monitoring it on July 24.[61][62]

Typhoon Gaemi and Prapiroon, along with its precursor, significantly impacted the southwest monsoon over the Philippines, leading to heavy rainfall that caused 23 deaths, 9 people missing, and US$18.9 million in damages across several countries.[63][64][65]

Typhoon Gaemi (Carina)

[edit]
Very strong typhoon (JMA)
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 19 – July 29
Peak intensity165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min);
940 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Gaemi

On July 17, the JMA reported that a low-pressure area had formed east of Palau.[66] Shortly after, both the JMA and the JTWC followed suit and upgraded the tropical depression,[50] with the latter designating the system as 05W.[67] The PAGASA followed suit a few hours later, recognizing the system as a tropical depression and naming it Carina.[68] Early the next day, the depression intensified into a tropical storm, and was given the name Gaemi by the JMA.[69] Due to a weak steering environment between the subtropical ridge to the northwest and east, the JTWC upgraded Gaemi to minimal typhoon around 21:00 UTC that day.[70] On July 24, Gaemi later rapidly intensified and peaked at Category 4-equivalent intensity on the Saffir-Simpson scale at 21:00 UTC on 23 July, with 1-minute sustained winds of 230 km/h (145 mph) by the JTWC, 10-minute sustained winds of 165 km/h (105 mph) by the JMA, and a central pressure of 940 hPa (27.76 inHg).[71][72] After stalling and executing a tight counter-clockwise loop near the coast,[73] Gaemi slightly weakened into a below-equivalent typhoon status due to land interaction before it made landfall on the northeastern coast of Taiwan on July 24.[74] Gaemi accelerated as it moved across the island and emerged into the Taiwan Strait just six hours after making landfall.[75] Soon after,[76] the JTWC ceased issuing advisories on the system as it made its final landfall at Xiuyu, Putian in Fujian Province.[77] Once inland, the JMA downgraded Gaemi into a tropical depression on July 27[78] and continued tracking the system until it dissipated at 18:00 UTC of July 29.[79]

The southwest monsoon, combined with Tropical Storm Prapiroon, brought heavy rains to southern and northern Luzon, triggering widespread flash floods that resulted in at least 126 deaths and caused damage estimated at US$304 million across several countries.[80][81][82]

Typhoon Ampil

[edit]
Very strong typhoon (JMA)
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 4 – August 19
Peak intensity155 km/h (100 mph) (10-min);
950 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Ampil (2024)

On August 3, the JTWC began tracking an area of convection 976 km (606 mi) east of Kadena Air Base on August 3.[83] At 18:00 UTC the same day, the JMA designated the system as a low-pressure area.[84] However, the following day, the system was upgraded to a tropical depression.[85] The depression weakened and was last noted by the JMA on August 7.[86] The disturbance later meandered south of the Ryukyu Islands for a few days before it was re-designated by the JMA as a tropical depression on August 11.[87] A few hours later, they recognized the system as a tropical depression, designating it as 08W.[88] Soon after, the JMA noted that it had intensified into a tropical storm and named it Ampil.[89] The JMA then reported that Ampil had intensified into a typhoon due to warm sea surface temperatures and low vertical wind shear on August 15.[90] The JMA reported that Ampil reached its peak intensity at 12:00 UTC that day with 10-minute sustained winds of 155 km/h (100 mph) and a central pressure of 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) before making its closest approach to Japan, and transitioned into an extratropical low on August 19.[91]

Ampil brought strong winds and coastal waves to western Alaska, while Tokyo experienced minimal damage according to NHK, although Kanagawa Prefecture saw several injuries; the remnants of Ampil also contributed to an atmospheric river as its moist core flowed into a low-pressure system, ultimately being absorbed into the Pacific jet stream and anticipated to impact California.[92]

Severe Tropical Storm Maria

[edit]
Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 5 – August 14
Peak intensity100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min);
980 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Tropical Storm Maria (2024)

On August 5, the JMA stated that a tropical depression had formed.[93] Later that day, the JTWC began tracking it, noting the depression was in an environment with low to moderate wind shear, warm sea surface temperatures, and good equatorward outflow aloft.[94] At 09:00 UTC on August 6, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the disturbance, which was located 423 mi (682 km) north-northwest of Iwo Jima, along the eastern periphery of the monsoon gyre,[95] prior to it being designated as 06W.[96] The development of a central dense overcast and a ragged eye feature signified its intensification into a tropical storm,[97] leading the JMA to name it Maria on August 7.[98] Maria then turned northeastward,[99] and intensified into a severe tropical storm on August 8 due to a favorable environment for development.[100] Concurrently, the JTWC then reported that Maria had rapidly intensified into a minimal typhoon due to strong equatorward and poleward outflow.[101] However, Maria's wind field became more asymmetric, with its associated convection shifting northward,[102] causing Maria to weaken into a tropical storm on August 9.[103] Around 00:00 UTC on August 12, the storm made landfall Ōfunato,[104] a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan with winds of 85 km/h (50 mph) before traversing northern Honshu and emerging into the Sea of Japan.[105] The JMA continued to monitor the system until it was last noted at 18:00 UTC on August 14.[106]

Record-breaking rainfall in Iwate Prefecture, with 19 inches (482.6 mm) in Kuji and 12.6 inches (320.0 mm) in Otsuchi—nearly double the average for August—led to controlled releases from the Taki Dam in Kuji, necessitating the evacuation of 8,300 people and the issuance of the highest evacuation alert level, though no damage or injuries were reported in association with Maria.[107]

Tropical Storm Son-Tinh

[edit]
Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 10 – August 14
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min);
994 hPa (mbar)

On August 10, the JMA noted that a tropical depression had formed southeast of Severe Tropical Storm Maria.[108] A few hours later, the JTWC began tracking the system, noting that it could transition into a tropical cyclone despite intense wind shear.[109] Early the next day, they noted that the depression had transitioned into a subtropical cyclone.[110] As a result, a few hours later, the JMA named it Son-Tinh.[111] The next day, the JTWC noted that it had transitioned into a tropical storm, designating it 07W.[112] Soon after, the low-level circulation center became fully exposed with no deep convection existing near the center.[113] On August 13, Son-Tinh turned northwest along the western edge of a subtropical ridge.[114] Both the JMA and the JTWC stopped monitoring it as a tropical depression that day,[115] though the JMA continued to track it until it was last noted the following day.[116]

Tropical Storm Wukong

[edit]
Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 12 – August 15
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min);
1002 hPa (mbar)

On 12 August, the JMA noted that a tropical depression formed southwest of Tropical Storm Son-Tinh.[117] A few hours later, strong convection south of the system's low-level circulation center consolidated, which prompted the JTWC to issue a TCFA for the disturbance.[118] Soon after, they recognized the system as a tropical depression, designating it as 09W.[119] Satellite imagery revealed that a central dense overcast obscured the center, leading to the depression strengthening into a tropical storm named Wukong by the JMA,[120] although moderate vertical wind shear displaced the deep convection to the southeast.[121][122] Wukong then shifted northwestward, following the eastern edge of a subtropical ridge, while also being affected by the shear and outflow from Typhoon Ampil to the southwest.[123] On August 15, both the JMA and the JTWC ceased monitoring the system, with the JMA reporting that Wukong had transitioned into an extratropical low due to moderate vertical wind shear and cooler sea surface temperatures.[124][125]

Tropical Storm Jongdari (Dindo)

[edit]
Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 17 – August 21
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min);
998 hPa (mbar)

On August 17, a low-pressure area east of Taiwan developed into a tropical depression.[126][127] Soon after the development of a low-level circulation center and deep convection, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the disturbance.[128] A few hours later, PAGASA declared the system a tropical depression and named it Dindo,[129] while the JMA reported it had intensified into a tropical storm and named it Jongdari,[130] and the following day, the JTWC recognized it and designated it as 10W.[131] Jongdari became devoid of convection as it was displaced from its exposed low-level circulation center and turned north-northeastward along the western edge of a subtropical ridge.[132] Jongdari then weakened as it moved into the Yellow Sea and made landfall over the Korean Demilitarized Zone on August 20 before emerging into the Sea of Japan.[133][134] The JTWC assessed the cyclone as having dissipated and ceased issuing advisories on the system,[135] while the JMA continued to monitor the system until it was last noted on August 21.[136]

In some parts of the southern islands of Jeju, Jongdari accumulated 60–130 millimetres (2.4–5.1 in) of rain as it moved closer to the coast.[137]

Typhoon Shanshan

[edit]
Very strong typhoon (JMA)
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 21 – September 1
Peak intensity175 km/h (110 mph) (10-min);
935 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Shanshan (2024)

On August 20, the JMA reported that a low-pressure area had formed near the Mariana Islands.[138] At midnight on August 21, both the JMA and the JTWC upgraded the tropical depression, with the latter designating the system as 11W.[139][140] Shortly after, the depression intensified into a tropical storm and was named Shanshan by the JMA due to low vertical wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures.[141] A ragged eye-like feature appeared on satellite imagery, and on August 24,[142] both the JMA and the JTWC upgraded it to a minimal typhoon.[143] The JMA reported that Shanshan reached its peak intensity at 15:00 UTC on August 27, with 10-minute sustained winds of 175 km/h (110 mph) and a central pressure of 935 hPa (27.61 inHg).[144] Shanshan then turned northward and made landfall near Satsumasendai in Kagoshima Prefecture on August 29.[145][146] It then turned eastward along the northern periphery of a subtropical high,[147] quickly crossed the Seto Inland Sea, and made landfall over the northern tip of Shikoku on August 30.[148] Shanshan's circulation later diminished as its LLCC became disorganized.[149] However, convection slightly increased after six hours as Shanshan's circulation moved back over open water and began moving east-southeastward, causing to regenerate back to a depression.[150][151] The JMA continued to monitor the system until it dissipated at 18:00 UTC that day.[152]

The JMA issued a special weather warnings for Kagoshima Prefecture, marking the first such emergency alert since Typhoon Nanmadol in 2022.[153] Shanshan caused six fatalities and damaged hundreds of structures throughout Japan.[154] In response to the severe weather, evacuation orders were issued for 996,299 people in Miyazaki Prefecture and 982,273 people in Kagoshima Prefecture.[155]

Typhoon Yagi (Enteng)

[edit]
Violent typhoon (JMA)
Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 31 – September 8
Peak intensity195 km/h (120 mph) (10-min);
915 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Yagi

On August 30, the JMA reported that a low-pressure area had formed approximately 540 km (330 mi) northwest of Palau.[156][157] The broad low-pressure area began to organize and developed into a tropical depression on August 31.[158] On September 1, PAGASA declared the system a tropical depression and named it Enteng, as it formed within the Philippine Area of Responsibility.[159] A few hours later, the system was classified as Tropical Depression 12W.[160] The depression was later developed a tropical storm, assigning the name Yagi by the JMA.[161][162] At 14:00 PHT (06:00 UTC) on September 2, Yagi made landfall over Casiguran, Aurora.[163] Early the next day, both JMA and JTWC upgraded the storm to a typhoon as an eye began to form on satellite imagery.[164] On September 5, Yagi reached its peak intensity as a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon, with 1-minute sustained winds of 260 km/h (160 mph), and a central pressure of 915 mbar (27.0 inHg).[165] Yagi made landfall in Wenchang City in Hainan and passed directly over Haikou, China, prior moving into the open waters of the Gulf of Tonkin.[166] On September 7, Yagi steadily reorganized again and restrengthened back into a Category 4-equivalent typhoon before its final landfall over Haiphong and Quang Ninh, Vietnam.[167] Yagi continued to weaken rapidly as it moved southwestwards along the southeastern edge of a mid-level subtropical high after it made landfall,[168] becoming a tropical depression on September 8.[169] The JMA continued to monitor the system until it was last noted at 18:00 UTC that day.[170]

Yagi, combined with the effects of the southwest monsoon, resulted in 16 deaths, 15 injuries and 21 missing people.[171] Yagi uprooted trees, injured four people and killed one in Hanoi and in Ho Chi Minh city injured two and killed one.[172] Total damages throughout its path were up to US$9.29 billion.[173][174]

Tropical Depression Hone

[edit]
Tropical depression (JMA)
Subtropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 1 (Entered basin) – September 8
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
1004 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Hurricane Hone

On September 1 at 21:00 UTC, the remnants of Hurricane Hone moved into the basin from the Central Pacific about 280 km (150 nmi; 175 mi) to the southwest of Midway Atoll,[175][176] where it was classified as a tropical depression by the JMA and as a subtropical depression by the JTWC the next day.[177] Soon after, Hone began exhibiting a highly asymmetric convective structure, characterized by convective bands encircling a broad center, while being located under a deep subtropical trough with low to moderate vertical wind shear.[178][179] The JTWC stopped tracking it on September 4, as it had dissipated,[180] while the JMA continued to monitor the system until it was last noted at 06:00 UTC on September 8.[181]

Tropical Storm Leepi

[edit]
Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 2 – September 6
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min);
1002 hPa (mbar)

On September 2, the JMA noted that a tropical depression had formed over the open Pacific.[176] Two days later, the JTWC designated the system 13W. A day later, JMA reported that it intensified into a tropical storm, assigning the name Leepi. Although the storm is in a high wind shear and unfavorable environment, Leepi continues to maintain that intensity as it accelerates northeastward. JTWC later announced its final warning on September 6 as the system transitioned to an extratropical cyclone. The JMA issued its final advisory on 18:00 UTC of September 6.[citation needed]

Tropical Storm Pulasan

[edit]
Tropical storm (JMA)
 
DurationSeptember 4 – Present
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min);
998 hPa (mbar)

A tropical depression formed over the Philippine Sea on September 4. It degenerated into a low-pressure area on September 6, and regenerated back into a tropical depression on September 9. The JMA started its forecast expecting the tropical depression to develop into a typhoon within 24 hours.

Severe Tropical Storm Bebinca

[edit]
Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 9 – Present
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min);
990 hPa (mbar)

Other systems

[edit]
A tropical depression formed on August 19 just beside Tropical Storm Jongdari
  • On August 18, the JMA reported the formation of a low-pressure area over the Philippine Sea.[182] The next day, it was designated as a tropical depression but weakened to a low-pressure area by August 22.[183] The following day, the JMA re-designated it as a tropical depression as it turned southward.[184] Over the next few days, the depression gradually moved southwestward while Typhoon Shanshan approached Japan from the west.[185] The JMA continued to monitor the depression until it dissipated on August 26.[186]
  • A tropical depression briefly formed south of South Korea on August 19 and was last noted by the JMA at 18:00 UTC as it moved northward.[187][188]
  • A tropical depression briefly developed southeast of Japan on August 20.[189] Thereafter, it was designated as an extratropical low while drifting southeastward.[190]
  • A tropical depression briefly formed southeast of Typhoon Shanshan on August 30 and was last noted by the JMA at 18:00 UTC.[191][192]

Storm names

[edit]
See also: Tropical cyclone naming and History of tropical cyclone naming

Within the basin, both the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assign names to tropical cyclones that develop in the Western Pacific, which can result in a tropical cyclone having two names.[193] The Japan Meteorological Agency's RSMC Tokyo — Typhoon Center assigns international names to tropical cyclones on behalf of the World Meteorological Organization's Typhoon Committee when they have 10-minute sustained winds of 65 km/h (40 mph).[194]

PAGASA names tropical cyclones which are active in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N and 25°N even if the cyclone has already been named.[193] The names of significant tropical cyclones are retired by both PAGASA and the Typhoon Committee.[194] If the list of names for the Philippine region are exhausted, then names will be taken from an auxiliary list of which the first ten are published each season. Unused names are marked in gray. The names of significant tropical cyclones will be retired by both PAGASA and the Typhoon Committee in the spring of 2025.[194]

International names

[edit]
Main article: List of retired Pacific typhoon names

A tropical cyclone is named when it has 10-minute sustained winds of 65 km/h (40 mph).[195] The JMA selected the names from a list of 140 names, that had been developed by the 14 members nations and territories of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee.[196] Retired names, if any, will be announced by the WMO in 2025, though replacement names will be announced in 2026. The next 28 names on the naming list are listed here along with their international numeric designation, if they are used.

  • Wukong (2408)
  • Jongdari (2409)
  • Shanshan (2410)
  • Yagi (2411)
  • Leepi (2412)
  • Bebinca (2413) (active)
  • Pulasan (2414) (active)
  • Soulik (unused)
  • Cimaron (unused)
  • Jebi (unused)
  • Krathon (unused)
  • Barijat (unused)
  • Trami (unused)
  • Kong-rey (unused)
  • Yinxing (unused)
  • Toraji (unused)
  • Man-yi (unused)
  • Usagi (unused)
  • Pabuk (unused)
  • Wutip (unused)
  • Sepat (unused)

Other names

[edit]

If a tropical cyclone enters the Western Pacific basin from the Eastern and Central Pacific basin (west of 180°E), it will retain the name assigned to it by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) and Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC). The following storms were named in this manner.

Philippines

[edit]
Main article: List of retired Philippine typhoon names

This season, PAGASA will use its own naming scheme for storms that are active in their self-defined area of responsibility.[197] During this season, PAGASA is using the following list of names that was last used during 2020 and will be used again in 2028, updated with replacements of retired names, if any.[197] All of the names are the same as in 2020 with the exception of Aghon, Querubin, Romina and Upang, which replaced the names Ambo, Quinta, Rolly and Ulysses after they were retired.[197] The name Aghon was used for the first time this year.

  • Ferdie (unused)
  • Gener (unused)
  • Helen (unused)
  • Igme (unused)
  • Julian (unused)
  • Kristine (unused)
  • Leon (unused)
  • Marce (unused)
  • Nika (unused)
  • Ofel (unused)
  • Pepito (unused)
  • Querubin (unused)
  • Romina (unused)
  • Siony (unused)
  • Tonyo (unused)
  • Upang (unused)
  • Vicky (unused)
  • Warren (unused)
  • Yoyong (unused)
  • Zosimo (unused)
Auxiliary list
  • Alakdan (unused)
  • Baldo (unused)
  • Clara (unused)
  • Dencio (unused)
  • Estong (unused)
  • Felipe (unused)
  • Gomer (unused)
  • Heling (unused)
  • Ismael (unused)
  • Julio (unused)

Season effects

[edit]

This table summarizes all the systems that developed within or moved into the North Pacific Ocean, west of the International Date Line during 2024. The table also provide an overview of a system's intensity, duration, land areas affected, and any deaths or damages associated with the system.

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Category Wind speed Pressure
Ewiniar (Aghon) May 22–30 Typhoon 140 km/h (85 mph) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) Philippines, Japan, Alaska $20.88 million 6 [22]
Maliksi May 30 – June 1 Tropical storm 65 km/h (40 mph) 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) South China, Taiwan Unknown None [198]
03W July 13–15 Tropical depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) Vietnam, Laos, Thailand None None
Prapiroon (Butchoy) July 19–24 Severe tropical storm 110 km/h (70 mph) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Philippines, Vietnam, South China, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia >$18.9 million 23 [63][199]
Gaemi (Carina) July 19–29 Very strong typhoon 165 km/h (105 mph) 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) Philippines, Taiwan, Yaeyama Islands, East China, Indonesia, Cambodia, Singapore, North Korea $262 million ≥126 [200][201][202]
Ampil August 4–19 Very strong typhoon 155 km/h (100 mph) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) Bonin Islands, Japan, Alaska Minimal None
Maria August 5–14 Severe tropical storm 100 km/h (65 mph) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Bonin Islands, Japan None None [203]
Son-Tinh August 10–14 Tropical storm 65 km/h (40 mph) 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) Alaska None None
Wukong August 12–15 Tropical storm 65 km/h (40 mph) 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) None None None
Jongdari (Dindo) August 17–21 Tropical storm 75 km/h (45 mph) 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) Taiwan, Miyako Islands, Yaeyama Islands, Korean Peninsula None None
TD August 19–26 Tropical depression Not specified 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) None None None
TD August 19 Tropical depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) None None None
TD August 20 Tropical depression Not specified 1012 hPa (29.88 inHg) None None None
Shanshan August 21–September 1 Very strong typhoon 175 km/h (110 mph) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Japan, South Korea >$100 million 6 [204]
TD August 30 Tropical depression Not specified 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) Japan Unknown None
Yagi (Enteng) August 31–September 8 Violent typhoon 195 km/h (120 mph) 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) Palau, Philippines, South China, Hong Kong, Macau, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar $9.29 billion 158 [205]
Hone September 1–8 Tropical depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) None None None
Leepi September 2–6 Tropical storm 65 km/h (40 mph) 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) None None None
TD September 4–Present Tropical depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) Okinawa Prefecture, Taiwan, East China None None
Bebinca September 9–Present Severe Tropical storm 75 km/h (45 mph) 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) Guam, Northern Mariana Islands None None
Season aggregates
20 systems May 23 – Season ongoing 195 km/h (120 mph) 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) $9.69 billion ≥314

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b A super typhoon is an unofficial category used by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) for a typhoon with winds of at least 240 km/h (150 mph).[2]
  2. ^ The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.
  3. ^ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.[1]

References

[edit]
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  201. ^ "Severe weather causes fatal Tuk-Tuk accident in Siem Reap (VIDEO)". Khmer Times. July 24, 2024. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
  202. ^ SitRep No. 44 for the Combined Effects of Southwest Monsoon and TC CARINA (2024) (Report). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. August 16, 2024. Retrieved August 16, 2024.
  203. ^ "Tropical Storm "Maria" makes landfall in Japan bringing record-breaking rainfall". The Watchers. August 12, 2024. Archived from the original on August 12, 2024. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  204. ^ Steve Evans (August 30, 2024). "Typhoon Shanshan seen as unlikely to trouble cat bonds or ILS positions". Artemis.bm. Retrieved September 2, 2024.
  205. ^ SitRep No. 11 for the Combined Effects of TC ENTENG (2024) and Southwest Monsoon (PDF) (Report). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. September 7, 2024. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
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